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How does a blockchain work

Everyone is talking about blockchains and cryptocurrencies these days. But what is this blockchain thing?

A blockchain is a way of storing data so that cannot be changed anymore. This is called immutability and a very useful feature when dealing with very important data like bank records or transactions.

Sources & other links

Haber, S., & Stornetta, W. S. (1991). How to time-stamp a digital document. Journal of Cryptology, 3(2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00196791
Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2017). The Truth About Blockchain. Harvard Business Review, 95(1), 118–127. https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-truth-about-blockchain
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf